Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)
By Dr Helmi Ismail, Medical Advisor of PMCare
We have not quite recovered from the aftereffects of the COVID-19 Pandemic. We get jitters once a “new bug” – particularly a “new dangerous virus,” reported loose in China – enters our news space. HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) has sparked some level of concern, reminiscent of the early days of the COVID-19 crisis. But how much of this concern is justified? Let’s separate fact from fiction.
What is human metapneumovirus (HMPV)?
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is not a new discovery. It was discovered by a Team of investigators in the Netherlands in 2001, led by Dr Bernadette Van Den Hoogen of Erasmus University Rotterdam.
HMPV is most closely genetically related to avian metapneumovirus (formerly called turkey rhinotracheitis virus). Although it is hypothesized that the human virus originated from birds, the blood test-based evidence that hMPV has been widespread in humans since at least 1958 suggests a zoonotic divergence well before this time, possibly in the early 1900s. Since then, it has been the more common virus that typically circulates in winter and spring, along with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Both cause mild respiratory symptoms similar to the common cold.
In some cases, however, HMPV can lead to more severe conditions such as bronchitis or pneumonia. Those most at risk include young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. We have been assured, the current situation does not warrant alarm.
Why the panic?
As seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation can have psychological effects that often outweigh the actual health risks. The spread of exaggerated claims on social media has fueled unnecessary anxiety. Public health experts emphasize that HMPV does not represent an immediate global health threat.
To address the situation, health authorities, including the Ministry of Health, have taken proactive steps to clarify the facts and reassure the public.
Keep calm and continue breathing
The respiratory tract is a vital system for us as we inhale air to take up oxygen and in return expel carbon dioxide. Along with the air, we inhale microorganisms, some of which directly cause infections in the various components of the tract.
The body has several defenses, including tiny hairs called cilia that line parts of the airway and help sweep out debris carrying germs. Unfortunately, smoking hinders these hairs from effectively performing their job.
Professor Antonia Ho, an honorary consultant of Infectious Diseases at the Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, speaking to the UK’s Science Media Centre (SMC), has this to say:
“Seasonality is similar to that of influenza, with peak activity in winter and early spring. Therefore, the high number of HMPV cases identified in China may not be out of the ordinary.”
Precautionary measures you can take
While HMPV itself is not a cause for panic, seasonal flu viruses are circulating globally during this period. Basic hygiene measures remain critical in many situations. If you are unwell:
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
- Avoid coughing or sneezing into your hands, instead use disposable tissue papers
- Limit close contact with others if you have flu-like symptoms.
- Wear masks if you choose to go outside and mingle with others.
Health experts recommend that individuals over 65 years of age, those with chronic illnesses, and children get vaccinated against the flu. Although the flu vaccine is not 100% effective, it significantly boosts immunity in these vulnerable groups, with protection beginning about two weeks after administration.
If you decide to travel to enjoy the cooler or colder countries, be mindful of the precautionary measures.
In addition, it will be good to take a flu vaccine three weeks before you travel even if you are not in the “high risk” group.
Key takeaway: Stay vigilant, not fearful
Human Metapneumovirus is a familiar virus to the scientific community, with no signs of becoming a global crisis. While there is no specific vaccine against HMPV, there are lot of researches done on the virus while and many parties are monitoring the situation.
Staying informed, practicing good hygiene, and getting vaccinated are your best tools for navigating this flu season without unnecessary anxiety.